Andy Goldsworthy’s Enviromemtal Art

1.Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

For this reason, many of his works include a hole, which serves as a looking glass into the mystery of life.

c) In order to perceive the mystery beyond surface appearance, the artist includes a hole in his sculptures.

2.Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

As each artwork takes shape in its own unique outdoor environment, the artist awaits the moment when the work is at its peak — before natural elements such as wind, sun and rain may impact upon the design and instigate its inevitable decay.

a) As Goldworthy observes each sculpture unfold, he waits until it is at its best before natural forces have the opportunity to damage it.

3. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

In this regard, he indetifies with Martisse, the French painter, whose later works became infused with energy because of the difficulties he experienced in executing them.

c) Natural elements like wind, sun and rain are an integral part of how each of artist’s sculptures takes shape in its specific natural environment.

Astrology

Astrology is a pseudoscience that claims to divineinformation about human affairs and terrestrial events by studying the movements and relative positions of celestial objects. Astrology has its roots in calendrical systems used to predict seasonal shifts and to interpret celestial cycles as signs of divine communications. Many cultures have attached importance to astronomical events. Contemporary Western astrology is often associated with systems of horoscopes that purport to explain aspects of a person’s personality and predict significant events in their lives based on the positions of celestial objects; the majority of professional astrologers rely on such systems.

Throughout most of its history, astrology was considered a scholarly tradition and was common in academic circles, often in close relation with astronomy, alchemy, meteorology, and medicine. It was present in political circles and is mentioned in various works of literature. Following the end of the 19th century and the wide-scale adoption of the scientific method, researchers have successfully challenged astrology on both and experimental grounds and have shown it to have no scientific validity or explanatory power. Astrology thus lost its academic and theoretical standing, and common belief in it has largely declined.

The scientific community rejects astrology as having no explanatory power for describing the universe, and considers it a pseudoscience. Scientific testing of astrology has been conducted, and no evidence has been found to support any of the premises or purported effects outlined in astrological traditions. There is no proposed mechanism of action by which the positions and motions of stars and planets could affect people and events on Earth that does not contradict basic and well understood aspects of biology and physics. Those who have faith in astrology have been characterised by scientists including Bart J. Bok as doing so “…in spite of the fact that there is no verified scientific basis for their beliefs, and indeed that there is strong evidence to the contrary”.

Fast food addiction

1. According to paragraph 1, its refers to

d)world

2. Look at the four squares in paragraph 1 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Furthermore, the characteristic teen packs on the pounds during a biweekly visit to the nearest fast-food diner. Where would the sentence best fit?

c)

3. According to paragraph 2, these substances refers to

d) sugar and fat

4. According to paragraph 2, that refers to a)brain activity

5. According to paragraph 2, this meal-sized potion refers to

d) McDonald’s and Burger King

6. Look at the four squares in paragraph that indicate where fhe following sentence could be added to the passage. This heavy dosage is evident in an examination of typical servings in various fast-food restaurants.

Where would the sentence best fit?

b)

7. According to paragraph 3, these naturally occurring painkillers refers to

b)endogenous opioids

8. According to paragraph 3, here refers to d)the nucleus accumbens

9. According to paragraph 3, its refers to b)dopamine

10. Look at the four squares in paragraph 3 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to to the passage. A second addictive effect stems from the production of another neurotransmitter, serotonin, which acts to soothe or calm the individual, hence the label comfort food.

Where would the sentence best fit?

d)

11. According to paragraph 4, their refers to

a)animals

12. According to paragraph 4, this refers to c)the fact that although the animals were found to injest increasing amounts of the potent liquid, their total production of brain opiates was, in fact, diminished.

13. According to paragraph 4, a geater quantity refers to

b)fat and sugar

14. Look at the four squares in paragraph 4 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to tha passage. Specifically, chattering teeth and shaking were the symptoms observed when sugar was cut out of their diet.

Where would the sentence best fit?

b)

15. According to paragraph 5, this refers to

d)the heftier the individual, the fewer dopamine receptors are present

John Ballard by Edgar Lee Masters

In the lust of my strength
I cursed God, but he paid no attention to me:
I might as well have cursed the stars.
In my last sickness I was in agony, but I was resolute
And I cursed God for my suffering;
Still He paid no attention to me;
He left me alone, as He had always done.
I might as well have cursed the Presbyterian steeple.
Then, as I grew weaker, a terror came over me:
Perhaps I had alienated God by cursing him.
One day Lydia Humphrey brought me a bouquet
And it occurred to me to try to make friends with God,
So I tried to make friends with Him;
But I might as well have tried to make friends with the bouquet.
Now I was very close to the secret,
For I really could make friends with the bouquet
By holding close to me the love in me for the bouquet
And so I was creeping upon the secret, but —

Իմ ուժի ցանկության մեջ

Ես անիծեցի Աստծուն, բայց նա ինձ վրա ուշադրություն չդարձրեց.

Հնարավոր է, որ ես անիծել եմ աստղերին:

Իմ վերջին հիվանդության մեջ ես տառապանքի մեջ էի, բայց վճռական էի

Եվ ես անիծեցի Աստծուն իմ տառապանքների համար.

Բայց նա այպես էլ ինձ վրա ուշադրություն չէր դարձնում.

Նա ինձ մենակ թողեց, ինչպես միշտ էր անում:

Ես երևի անիծել էի նաև պրեսբիտերյան ուղղաձիգը:

Հետո, երբ ես թուլացա, սարսափ տիրեց ինձ վրա.

Միգուցե ես խորթացել էի Աստծու համար՝ հայհոյելով նրան:

Մի օր Լիդիա Համֆրին ինձ ծաղկեփունջ բերեց

Եվ մտքովս անցավ փորձել ընկերանալ Աստծո հետ,

Ուստի ես փորձեցի ընկերանալ Նրա հետ.

Բայց ես երևի փորձել եմ ընկերանալ ծաղկեփնջի հետ:

Հիմա ես շատ մոտ էի գաղտնիքին,

Քանզի ես իսկապես կարող էի ընկերանալ ծաղկեփնջի հետ

Ինձ մոտ պահելով սերը ծաղկեփնջի հանդեպ

Եվ ես սողում էի գաղտնիքի վրա, բայց-

The source — http://famouspoetsandpoems.com/poets/edgar_lee_masters/poems

The film “Gifted”

I have watched this film many times and every time it gives me motivation to live a better life. It is a story about a little girl who is gifted like her mother. Her uncle is trying to protect her from the life his mother forced to his sister to live, that took her to suicide. He wanted Mary to be a normal kid and have friends. But Mary was bored in the primary school, everything was too easy for her. The idea of the movie is about life, that you can live your life the way you feel right. You can be gifted but it doesn’t make you different. At the end Mary was able to find her way of doing both, getting education and making friends while enjoying her childhood.

Անգլերեն առաջին կիսամյակի ամփոփում

This year was a real challenge for us and for our education. We were on and off school because of the pandemic and even experienced online school. It was quiet hard, because it felt optional. But we got trough it and we have done so much interesting work. Here are the links

1. Classwork

2. Homework

3. Weddings in my country

4. Թարգմանական աշխատանաք

5.Classwork

6. Classwork

7. Whether or not it is reasonable to celebrate New Year in 2021?

Whether or not it is reasonable to celebrate New Year in 2021?

2020 was a really challenging year so many people lost their lives due to covid-19, many disasters or the war that happened recently between Artsakh and Azerbaijan. Armenian government decided to not have a Christmas tree this year, because it costs a lot of money which can be used for restoring the damages after the war. And there are so many families who lost their loved ones and are not in a mood for celebrating something. I think it is how the whole country feels. As a New Year’s gift we can collect the money how much we usually spend on the Armenian traditional New Year’s celebration and donate it to the families of war victims.

My family decided to have a small dinner table to welcome 2021. I think it is what every family is going to do.

Classwork

1R15 Test Questions

  1. According to paragraph 1, why are people putting off having children? c)because of the inherent cost
  2. According to paragraph 1, the word proportion is closest in meaning to c)percentage
  3. According to paragraph 2,which of the following is NOT consequence of a male’s increased age? b)premature end to pregnancy
  4. According to paragraph 2, which of the following best expresses the essential information in highlighted sentence? d)As a man ages, he has fewer chances of producing a child — especially a healthy one — because of his defective sperm.
  5. According to paragraph 3, the word facility is closest in meaning to b)capability
  6. According to paragraph 3, the word folklore is closest in meaning to d)myth
  7. According to paragraph 3, what can be inferred about the potential a 60-year-old male has to father a child? b)He has very little chance of fathering a child.
  8. According to paragraph 4, what effect does a reduction in testosterone produce? a)a large quantity and superior quality of sperm
  9. According to paragraph 4, the word misnomer is closest in meaning to a)serious mistake
  10. The author discusses in-vitro fertilization in paragraph 5 in order to c)highlight the expense of this procedure
  11. According to paragraph 5, what percentage of infertility problems are due to male issues? b)50 percent
  12. According to paragraph 6, the phrase blow to is closest in meaning to d)restatement of
  13. According to paragraph 6, why might the male ego be damaged by a focus on the male biological clock? a) males are concerned about a relaxation of gender roles.

Classwork

Reading practice 3: Neuroscience 

Exercise 1

  1. According to paragraph 1, the word long-standing is closest in meaning to a)age-old
  2. According to paragraph 1, the word propagation is closest in meaning to b)continuation
  3. According to paragraph 1, the word prosper is closest in meaning to d)thrive
  4. According to paragraph 1, the word offspringis closest in meaning to b)children
  5. According to paragraph 1, the word thesis is closest in meaning to d)theory
  6. According to paragraph 1, the word mechanism is closest in meaning to d)processes
  7. According to paragraph 1, the word hardwiredis closest in meaning to b)inherently connected
  8. According to paragraph 2, the word parameters is closest in meaning to a)limiting factors
  9. According to paragraph 2, the word acquaintances is closest in meaning to b)social contact
  10. According to paragraph 3, the word overlap is closest in meaning to b)correspondence
  11. According to paragraph 3, the word euphoriais closest in meaning to b)ecstasy
  12. According to paragraph 4, the word critical is closest in meaning to c)negative
  13. According to paragraph 5, the word hypothesis is cleanest to in meaning to d)unproven theory
  14. According to paragraph 5, the word demystifyis closest in meaning to b)illuminate
  15. According to paragraph 5, the word concrete is closest in meaning to d)solid

Թարգմանական աշխատանաք

Little Women

New England in the early and middle years of the nineteenth century had a flourishing culture. People were passionately interested in ideas and education. Most New Englanders were strongly opposed to slavery. They were also concerned about other social issues.

New ideas resulted in new kinds of writing. These ideas included the importance of doing what seemed right for them, no matter how different it was from what other people thought. People also believed that nature gave them guidance in our lives and that it was important to live close to nature. These and other ideas were expressed through teaching and writing.

Bronson Alcott was one of those who looked at the world in a new way. He looked for work as a teacher so that he could pass on his ideas to others. However, very few parents wanted Mr. Alcott to teach their children. And very few people were interested in hearing his speeches or reading his books. As a result, the Alcott family was very poor Fortunately for Bronson, he married a very capable and energetic woman. Mrs. Abigail Alcott helped to earn money to support the family and did most of the work involved in looking after the four Alcott girls.

The oldest daughter, Anna, was quiet and serious. She rarely got into trouble and was a good helper at home. The second daughter was Louisa May Alcott, who became a writer. She was adventurous and cared very little for rules. She was always saying and doing things that got her into trouble. The third daughter, Elizabeth, was very kind and good-natured. All the others loved her. As a young woman, Elizabeth had a severe case of scarlet fever and never fully recovered. She died at age 23. The youngest sister, May, was talented, but she was rather spoiled.

Because there was never enough money, the Alcott girls felt pressure to work at an early age. But this did not stop them from having fun. Louisa wrote little plays that she and her sisters performed at home. They all enjoyed the woods and ponds around Concord, Massachusetts, where they live most of these years. When they moved back to Boston in 1848, Anna took a job looking after other people’s children, and Louisa looked after the house. Meanwhile, their mother worked outside the home.

While working on laundry or sewing, Louisa was thinking up stories. At night she would write them down. When she was eighteen, she began selling poems and stories to magazines. Within ten years, Louisa was earning a substantial income from writing. One day her publisher suggested that she write a story for girls. At first Louisa didn’t like the suggestion. But when she started to write, the ideas came rapidly. Her book was based on her own family and her own childhood.

“Little Women” was published in 1868 and was an immediate success. The March family was very much like the Alcotts. Mrs. Alcott resembles “Marmee.” “Meg” is like Anna, and “Jo” is like Louisa herself. “Beth” is based on Elizabeth and “Amy” on May Alcott. Many of the situations in the book happened to the Alcott family. Nonetheless, many characters and incidents were invented.

“Little Women” and its sequel opened up a new kind of writing for children. While these books did have a moral, they were more lively and interesting than earlier children’s writing. “Little Women” inspired many writers later to write more realistic accounts of childhood.

Փոքրիկ կանայք

19րդ դարի սկզբին և կեսերին Նոր Բրիտանիա ուներ ծաղկող մշակույթ: Մարդիկ շատ հետաքրքրված էին կրթությամբ և նոր գաղափարներով: Բազմաթիվ բրիտանացիներ դեմ էին ստրկությանը: Նրանք անհանգստանում էին նաև այլ սոցիալական խնդիրների համար:

Նոր գաղափարները դարձան նոր գրելաոճի արդյունք: Այս գաղափարները ընդգրկումն էին նաև այն միտքը, որ պետք է անել այն ինչ ճիշտ ես գտնում, ինչքանով էլ, որ արարքդ հասարակության կարծիքին չի համապատասխանում: Մարդիկ նաև հավատում էին, որ բնությունը ուղղություն է տալիս կյանքում և պետք է բնությանը մոտ ապրել: Այս ամենը և այլ մտքերը արտահայտվում էին կրթության և գրելու միջոցով:

Բրոնսոն Ալքոտտը այն մարդկանցից մեկն էր, որոնք կյանքին նոր կողմից էին նայում: Նա ուսուցչի աշխատանք էր փնտրում, որպեսզի կարողանա փոխանցել իր մտքերը մյուսներին: Սակայն շատ քիչ ծնողներ էին ցանկանում, որ պարոն Ալքոտտը դասավանդի իրենց երեխաներին: Եվ շատ քչերն էին հետաքրքրված նրա խոսքով և գրքերով: Այս պատճառով Ալքոտտների ընտանիքը շատ աղքատ էր, բարեբախտաբար Բրոնսոնը ամուսնացավ մի շատ ընդունակ և աշխույժ կնոջ հետ: Տիկին Աբիգալլի Ալքոտտը օգնեց ամուսնուն գումար վաստակել ընտանիքը պահելու համար, անելով աշխատանքի մեծ մասը, ինչը ընդգրկում էր չորս Ալքոտտ դստրերի մասին հոգ տանելը:

Ավագ դուստրը` Աննան համեստ էր ու լուրջ և գրեթե երբեք չէր ընկնում տհաճ իրավիճակների մեջ նաև տան գործերին էր օգնում: Երկրորդ դուստրը Լուզիա Մեյ Ալքոտտն էր, որը դարձավ գրող: Նա արկածային էր չէր մտածում կանոնների մասին: Նա անընդհատ ասում էր և անում էր բաներ, որոնք վատ հետևանքներ էին ունենում: Երրորդ դուստրը Ելիզաբեթը շատ բարի և ընկերասեր էր: Բոլորը նրան սիրում էին: Դեռ երիտասարդ հասակում նա հիվանդացավ «Քութեշ»-ով և այդպես էլ չապաքինվեց: Նա մահացավ 23 տարեկանում: Կրտսեր դուստրը` Մեյը տաղանդավոր էր, բայց միաժամանակ երես առած:

Քանի որ ընտանիքում գումարի պակաս կար, աղջիկները վաղ տարիքից աշխատելու ճնշում էին զգում: Բայց դա նրանց չէր կանգնեցնում ուրախանալուց: Լուիզան փոքրիկ ներկայացումներ էր գրում, որոնք հետո իր քույրերի հետ բեմադրում էին տանը: Նրանք բոլորը վայելում էին անտառներն ու լճակները Քանքորդ Մասաչուսեթսի շուրջ, որտեղ նրանք ապրում էին: Երբ 1848թ. նրանք տեղափոխվեցին Բոստոն, Անան աշխատանք գտավ որպես երեխաների դայակ, իսկ Լուիզան զբաղվում էր տան հոգսերով: Իսկ նրանց մայրը աշխատում էր տնից դուրա:

Լվացք անելու կամ կարելու ժամանակ Լուզիան պատմություններ էր հորինում, իսկ գիշերները դրանք գրի առնում: 18 տարեկանից սկսած նա պոեմներ և պատմություններ էր վաճառում տարբեր ամսագրերին: 10 տարվա ընթացքում գրելուց նա լավ եկամուտներ էր ստանում: Մի օր Լուիզայի հրապարակողը առաջարկեց նրան պատմություն գրել աղջիկների համար: Սկզբում Լուիզան չհավանեց առաջարկը, բայց, երբ սկսեց գրել մտքերը արագ գալիս էին: Գիրքը հիմնված էր իր սեփական ընտանիքի և իր մանկության պատմությունների վրա:

«Փոքրիկ կանայք» գիրքը հրապարակվեց 1868թ.-ին, որը մեծ հաջողություն ունեցավ:

Մարչերի ընտանիքը շատ նման էր Ալքոտտներին: Տիկին Ալքոտտը հիշեցնում էր «Մարմիին»: «Մեգը» նման է Աննային, իսկ «Ջոն» նման է հենց իրեն` Լուիզային: «Բեթը» հիմնված է Ելիզաբեթի, իսկ «Էմին» Մեյ Ալքոտտի վրա: Բազմաթիվ իրադարձություններ, որոնք կան գրքում պատահել են Ալքոտտների ընտանիքին, չնայած որ շատ կերպարներ և իրադարձություններ հորինված են:

«Փոքրիկ կանայք» գիրքը և դրա հետևանքները բացահայտեցին մի նոր գրելու տեսակ երեխաների համար: Այս գրքերը ունեին խրատ և ավելի կենդանի և հետաքրքիր էին, քան առաջվա երեխաների համար գրվածքները: «Փոքրիկ կանայք» գիրքը ոգեշնչեց շատ գրողների, որպեսզի ապագայում պատկերեն մանկության իրական կողմերը:

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